Migraine is one of the most common headache types leading to medical visits. However, it is estimated that the majority of people suffering from the condition have not received a formal diagnosis from a doctor. This means that many people are unaware that the headache they experience is, in fact, a migraine, and that effective treatment options are available.
Migraine is a condition that varies in frequency and intensity throughout a person's life, and it can also vary significantly from one person to another. While some individuals may experience migraine attacks several times a month, others may have far fewer attacks occurring more sporadically. The intensity of the pain can also range from mild to severe.
One of the characteristic features of migraines is the presence of several other symptoms in addition to the headache. Some common symptoms include irritability, low mood, fatigue, neck pain, and a feeling of hunger. Many people also experience nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to sound and light during a migraine attack.
The prevalence of migraines increases from puberty to the age of 40. Migraines are more common in women. Approximately 15% of women and 6% of men in Norway have migraines.
Migraine Attacks
Almost 20% of the population will experience one or more migraine attacks during their lifetime. These attacks can last from a few hours up to 3 days. They are characterized by pulsating head pain, usually located in front, at the forehead/temples, on one side at a time. The attacks are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
10-20 percent of those with migraines experience what is called an aura. The aura occurs before the migraine onset as a warning sign. When a person experiences an aura, they may have visual disturbances, see flashing lights, experience tinnitus, feel numbness in the body, or have difficulties speaking.
A diagnosis of chronic migraine is given when a person has a headache at least 15 days a month for over 3 months, of which at least 8 of these days are migraine days.
Triggers of Migraine
Migraine is a complex disorder believed to result from the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. There is still much that is not fully understood about the underlying causes. Therefore, it is important for people experiencing recurrent or severe headache attacks to seek medical attention for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis. Common triggers for migraines are hormonal fluctuations, contraceptive pills and estrogen, certain heart medications, excessive use of painkillers, hunger, lack of sleep, stress or relaxation after stress, strong sensory stimuli, strong odors, and active and passive smoking.
An accurate diagnosis is crucial for developing an effective treatment plan for migraines. There are various approaches to treatment, and the doctor will assess the patient's individual needs and symptoms to determine the most appropriate treatment method.