Prevention: Hormonal and non-hormonal

Contraception is an important part of reproductive health, and there are various methods available to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Two main categories of birth control methods are hormonal and non-hormonal birth control.

Hormonal contraception

Hormonal contraception uses hormones to prevent pregnancy. These hormones can be synthetic versions of the natural hormones produced by the female body. The most common hormonal birth control methods include:

• Birth control pills: These are oral medications that contain estrogen and/or progestin. They prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation, thickening cervical secretions to make it harder for sperm to move, and changing the lining of the uterus to reduce the chance of a fertilized egg attaching.
• Birth control patches: These patches contain the same hormones as birth control pills and are applied to the skin. They work in the same way by affecting ovulation, cervical secretions and the uterine lining.
• P-rod and hormonal coil: These are long-acting methods that are placed under the skin or in the uterus and release hormones over a longer period. They prevent pregnancy in the same way as birth control pills, but do not require daily intake.

Hormonal contraception is very effective when used correctly, but it can also have side effects such as nausea, weight gain, mood swings and breast tenderness. It is important to consult a healthcare professional before choosing a hormonal contraceptive method, as there are various options adapted to individual needs and health history.

Non-hormonal contraception

Non-hormonal contraception includes methods that do not use hormones to prevent pregnancy. Some common non-hormonal birth control methods include:

• Condoms: This is a barrier contraceptive method that is placed over the penis or in the vagina to prevent sperm from coming into contact with the egg.
• Copper IUD: A hormone-free IUD, often called the copper IUD, is placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy by creating an unfavorable environment for sperm.
• Barrier methods: This includes contraceptives such as pessaries and cervical caps, which act as a barrier to prevent sperm from reaching the uterus.
• Sterilization: Permanent birth control can be achieved through sterilization, which includes tubal ligation (for women) or vasectomy (for men).
• Non-hormonal contraception has advantages such as the absence of hormonal side effects, but it often requires more active participation, for example the correct use of condoms or the maintenance of a copper IUD.

What should you choose?

The choice between hormonal and non-hormonal contraception depends on individual preferences, health needs and lifestyle. It is important to discuss the options with a healthcare professional to find the method that is best for you. Some women prefer hormonal birth control for its reliability and convenience, while others prefer non-hormonal methods for the sake of hormone freedom and minimal side effects.

Whichever contraceptive method you choose, consistency and correct use are important to ensure effective protection against unwanted pregnancy. It is also worth noting that no contraceptive method provides protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so condom use in addition to other contraception is recommended if there is a risk of STIs.